Report at a glance
- Full official title
- State of the Global Climate 2025
- Publisher
- World Meteorological Organization
- Date published
- 23 March 2026
- Length
- 46 PDF pages
- Original source
- Official report page · Original PDF
- Topics covered
- Global climate, Heat, Water and floods, Pakistan and South Asia
The answer in 3 sentences
What does WMO’s State of the Global Climate 2025 show?
The World Meteorological Organization's State of the Global Climate 2025 records continuing warming of the atmosphere and ocean, with rising greenhouse gas concentrations and sea levels (pp. 5 to 12). It finds that global temperature in 2025 was 1.43°C ± 0.13°C above the 1850 to 1900 average, making it the second or third warmest year depending on the dataset (p. 8). This annual record describes observed conditions and impacts, rather than forecasting the weather in your town (p. 4).
Key findings
- The annual global temperature was 1.43°C ± 0.13°C above the 1850 to 1900 average in 2025; the uncertainty is a 90% range. (WMO State of the Global Climate 2025, 2025; p. 8)
- The years 2015 to 2025 were the eleven warmest years in the global temperature record. (WMO State of the Global Climate 2025, 2025; p. 8)
- Atmospheric carbon dioxide reached 423.9 ± 0.2 parts per million in 2024, the latest year with consolidated global figures in this report. (WMO State of the Global Climate 2025, 2025; p. 6)
- Ocean heat content reached a record in 2025; each year in the nine-year period ending in 2025 set a new record. (WMO State of the Global Climate 2025, 2025; p. 10)
- Average global sea-level rise accelerated from 2.65 ± 0.3 mm per year during 1993 to 2011 to 4.75 ± 0.3 mm per year during 2012 to 2025. (WMO State of the Global Climate 2025, 2025; p. 12)
- The report introduces Earth's energy imbalance as a key indicator, bringing together changes in heat stored across the climate system. (WMO State of the Global Climate 2025, 2025; p. 20 to 21)
Key numbers
| Figure | What it measures | Year or period | Original page |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.43°C ± 0.13°C | Global annual near-surface temperature above the 1850 to 1900 average; 90% uncertainty range | 2025 | 8 |
| 423.9 ± 0.2 ppm | Global annual atmospheric CO₂ concentration | 2024 | 6 |
| 4.75 ± 0.3 mm/year | Average global mean sea-level rise | 2012 to 2025 | 12 |
| 2.65 ± 0.3 mm/year | Earlier average global mean sea-level rise | 1993 to 2011 | 12 |
Source: State of the Global Climate 2025 (2025). Page numbers above use the printed report, unless a PDF page is explicitly named.
What it means for Pakistan and the Global South
These global averages do not describe Pakistan's temperature or its coastal sea level. The report does include a regional event account: flash flooding affected Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, flooded cropland in Pakistan, and also affected northern India and Nepal (p. 27).
For lower- and middle-income countries, it describes how extreme events disrupt food production and access to healthy diets, with displacement and insecurity compounding existing vulnerability (p. 26).
The report explicitly says it does not provide extensive national or regional detail (p. 4).
What the report does not say
- A single unusually warm year does not by itself mean the long-term Paris Agreement temperature goal has been crossed. The report distinguishes individual years from changes over decades (p. 9).
- A global sea-level average is not a measurement for Karachi or another coastal location (p. 12).
- This report does not prescribe emissions pathways or provide climate projections or forecasts (p. 4).
How to cite this report
Please cite the original report, not this summary.
APA 7
World Meteorological Organization. (2026). State of the global climate 2025. https://wmo.int/publication-series/state-of-global-climate/state-of-global-climate-2025
Harvard
World Meteorological Organization (2026) State of the Global Climate 2025. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization. Available at: https://wmo.int/publication-series/state-of-global-climate/state-of-global-climate-2025 (Accessed: 5 November 2026).