These figures keep their place, period and uncertainty. Global averages are not measurements for Pakistan. Scenario results describe what could happen under stated assumptions. Last checked 5 November 2026.
Warming
Global surface temperature in 2011 to 2020 was 1.09°C above 1850 to 1900, with a very likely range of 0.95 to 1.20°C.
Source: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2023), p. 4. Read our report summary.
In 2025, global annual near-surface temperature was 1.43°C ± 0.13°C above the 1850 to 1900 average, with a 90% uncertainty range.
Source: State of the Global Climate 2025 (2025), p. 8. Read our report summary.
Emissions
Global net human-caused greenhouse gas emissions were estimated at 59 ± 6.6 GtCO₂-equivalent in 2019.
Source: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2023), p. 4. Read our report summary.
UNEP estimated global greenhouse gas emissions at 58.4 ± 5.5 gigatonnes of CO₂ equivalent in 2025; uncertainty prevents a conclusion that total emissions fell or peaked.
Source: Emissions Gap Report 2026: The point of return - Urgent emissions cuts needed to come back from overshoot of 1.5°C (2026), p. xiv to xv. Read our report summary.
In modelled pathways limiting warming to 1.5°C with more than 50% likelihood and no or limited overshoot, global greenhouse gas emissions fall by a median 43% by 2030 from 2019, with a pathway range of 34 to 60%.
Source: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2023), p. 21. Read our report summary.
Pakistan and South Asia
Around 33 million people were affected by Pakistan’s 2022 floods, according to NDMA figures reported in the PDNA.
Source: Pakistan Floods 2022: Post-Disaster Needs Assessment: Main Report (2022), p. 11. Read our report summary.
Nearly 8 million people were displaced by Pakistan’s 2022 floods, according to NDMA figures reported in the PDNA.
Source: Pakistan Floods 2022: Post-Disaster Needs Assessment: Main Report (2022), p. 11. Read our report summary.
Pakistan accounts for about 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions, according to its 2025 NDC 3.0.
Source: Pakistan's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) (2025), p. 4. Read our summary.
In its NDC 3.0, Pakistan aims to cut greenhouse gas emissions by up to 50% by 2035: 17% unconditionally and 33% conditional on international climate finance. It estimates the investment needed at US$565.7 billion.
Source: Pakistan's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) (2025), p. 1. Read our summary.
The World Bank estimates that air pollution damage costs Pakistan an additional 6.5 percent of GDP per year, counting illness, disability and premature deaths.
Source: Pakistan Country Climate and Development Report (2022), p. 17. Read our summary.
Climate change, environmental degradation and air pollution together could reduce Pakistan's annual GDP by 18 to 20 percent by 2050 (optimistic to pessimistic scenario).
Source: Pakistan Country Climate and Development Report (2022), p. 17. Read our summary.
During the 2025 monsoon season, 1,037 flood-related deaths were reported in Pakistan, and over 3 million people required assistance.
Source: WMO, Significant Weather and Climate Events 2025 (supplement to the State of the Climate 2025 reports) (2026), p. 6. Read our summary.
Heat
The years 2015 to 2025 were the eleven warmest years in WMO’s global temperature record.
Source: State of the Global Climate 2025 (2025), p. 8. Read our report summary.
Between 1981 and 2005, Pakistan warmed by 0.39°C per decade, compared with 0.18°C for the globe: about twice as fast.
Source: National Adaptation Plan Pakistan 2023 (2023), p. 16. Read our heat guide.
In 2015, a heatwave with temperatures as high as 49°C killed more than 1,200 people in Karachi.
Source: National Adaptation Plan Pakistan 2023 (2023), p. 17. Read our heat guide.
Climate change made the early 2022 heatwave in India and Pakistan about 30 times more likely and about 1°C hotter than it would have been in a pre-industrial climate.
Source: World Weather Attribution, Climate change made devastating early heat in India and Pakistan 30 times more likely (2022), p. 1. Read our heat guide.
Water and floods
The PDNA estimated physical damage from Pakistan’s 2022 floods at US$14.9 billion.
Source: Pakistan Floods 2022: Post-Disaster Needs Assessment: Main Report (2022), p. 14. Read our report summary.
The PDNA estimated recovery and reconstruction needs after Pakistan’s 2022 floods at US$16.3 billion.
Source: Pakistan Floods 2022: Post-Disaster Needs Assessment: Main Report (2022), p. 14. Read our report summary.
Global mean sea level rose by an average 4.75 ± 0.3 millimetres per year over 2012 to 2025.
Source: State of the Global Climate 2025 (2025), p. 12. Read our report summary.
Waste
Global municipal solid waste generation was estimated at 2.1 billion tonnes in 2020.
Source: Global Waste Management Outlook 2024: Beyond an Age of Waste - Turning Rubbish into a Resource (2024), p. 18.
Without urgent action, global municipal solid waste generation is projected to reach 3.8 billion tonnes per year by 2050.
Source: Global Waste Management Outlook 2024: Beyond an Age of Waste - Turning Rubbish into a Resource (2024), p. 18.
Air
WHO’s 2021 guideline for annual average PM2.5 is 5 micrograms per cubic metre.
Source: WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide (2021), p. xvii, Table 0.1.
WHO’s 2021 guideline for 24-hour PM2.5 is 15 micrograms per cubic metre, assessed at the 99th percentile of daily values.
Source: WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide (2021), p. xvii, Table 0.1 and footnote a.
WHO’s air-quality guideline levels are global health recommendations, not measured concentrations for Pakistan or legally binding national standards. The daily guideline uses a percentile, so it should not be read as a limit that can never be exceeded.